Summary of Macro Results

This supplemental web site provides a summary of our automatic macro results for 20 manipulations: 7 face, 8 landscape, and 5 global.

You can click on the results link for each manipulation to see a sample of our results (both successful and less successful).

Comparisons with Grabler09: We compared our results against the technique of Grabler09 for the manipulations that only contain selection and parameter adjustment operations (Contrast, Skin Tone, Black and White, Cross Processing, Lomo, Typographic Effect). We did not include comparisons with Grabler09 for manipulations with brush strokes, since Grabler09 cannot transfer strokes. Grabler09 also does not take into account the parameter settings for multiple demonstrations. Rather than just copying parameter settings from the first demonstration, we modified the Grabler09 technique to use the average parameter values across all training demonstrations.

Comparisons with Average: We also compared our results against the Average technique (described in the paper) for all manipulations that we evaluated in our Mechanical Turk study (Bag Removal, Contrast, Dark Sky, Eye Makeup, Film Noir, Lomo, Sunset Enhancement). In addition, we included Average results for all other manipulations that do not contain any brush strokes (Skin Tone, Black and White, Cross Processing, Typographic Effect) because we wanted to specifically evaluate whether our technique for learning adjustment parameters produces better results than just averaging parameter values.

Note that this website is best viewed in Firefox.

Face Manipulations

Bag Removal

Before

After

Steps: 2-4 brush strokes, 5 adjustment parameters (click to expand/collapse)
1. Duplicate the input image in a new layer.
2. Use the healing brush and select a location in the skin region of the image from where to copy pixels (2 parameters).
3. Brush on the bags below the eye of the person (1-2 strokes, 1 brush size parameter).
4. Repeat the same process for the other eye (2 parameters, 1-2 strokes, 1 brush size parameter).
5. Set the opacity of the edited layer. If we directly edit the input layer, the effect of the bag removal is too strong and appears unnatural (1 parameter).
Source:Skin: The Complete Guide to Digitally Lighting, Photographing, and Retouching Faces by Lee Varis (p. 185)
Dataset Requirements:Portrait
Training Demonstrations
Results

Contrast

Before

After

Steps: 1 selection, 4 adjustment parameters (click to expand/collapse)
1. Select the face (1 selection).
2. Increase the contrast in face using the curves tool (4 parameters).
3. Propagate contrast adjustment to entire image.
Source:http://www.chromasia.com/tutorials/members/curves/
Dataset Requirements:Portrait
Training Demonstrations
Results

Eye Makeup

Before

After

Steps: 6 brush strokes, 6 adjustment parameters (click to expand/collapse)
1. Brush along the bottom of each eyelid using the color blend mode to add blue eye shadow (2 brush size parameters, 2 strokes).
2. Brush along across the top of each eyelid using the soft light blend mode to add purple eye shadow (2 brush size parameters, 2 strokes).
3. Brush along the bottom of each eye using the multiply blend mode to add eyeliner (2 brush size parameters, 2 strokes).
Source:http://www.dphotojournal.com/photoshop-tutorial-apply-eye-make-up/
Dataset Requirements:Female portrait
Training Demonstrations
Results

Film Noir

Before

After

Steps: 5 brush strokes, 21 adjustment parameters (click to expand/collapse)
1. Transform the image in L*a*b* mode and use the L* channel.
2. Use the levels tool to adjust the RGB histogram of the image such that the histogram covers the full range of tones (2 parameters).
3. Use the curves tool to increase the contrast in the midtones of the image (4 parameters).
4. Add a blue tint to the image in the highlights, midtones and shadows of the image (9 parameters).
5. Add a new layer and paint a star shaped gradient in the new layer. The star is centered at the left bottom part of the face ( 1 stroke, 3 parameters for the color of the gradient).
6. Blend the gradient layer by setting the blending mode to soft light. Set the opacity of the layer (1 parameter).
7. Use the curve tool to make the image very dark. Set the mask for this adjustment to black, such that it has no effect on the image (2 parameters).
8. Brush along the borders of the image in the mask of step 7. The region covered by the brush will be affected by the adjustment and become dark (4 strokes, 1 brush size parameter, 1 brush opacity).
Source:Creative Photoshop Lighting Techniques by Barry Huggins, Lark Books (p.120)
Dataset Requirements:Image with people
Training Demonstrations
Results

Lip Gloss

Before

After

Steps: 1 selection, 1 brush stroke, 5 adjustment parameters (click to expand/collapse)
1. Select the lips of the person (1 selection).
2. Change the hue saturation to make the lips appear darker and more saturated (2 parameters).
3. Use the curves tool to make the lips darker (2 parameters).
4. Create a new layer, set the color to 50% gray and paint a stroke on the lips. Set the blending mode of the layer to color dodge (1 stroke).
5. Set the opacity of the layer added in step 4 to control the strength of the highlight (1 parameter).
Source:Photoshop Retouching Cookbook for Digital Photographers by Barry Huggins, O'Reilly (p.56)
Dataset Requirements:Female portrait
Training Demonstrations
Results

Mustache

Before

After

Steps: 3-10 brush strokes, 5 adjustment parameters (click to expand/collapse)
1. Paint a mustache on the person’s face using the mustache brush. Vary the brush size as needed (3-10 strokes, 5 brush size parameters).
Source:http://www.designowners.com/photoshop-tutorials/basics/adding-beard-and-moustache-in-photoshop/
Dataset Requirements:Male portrait
Training Demonstrations
Results

Skin Tone

Before

After

Steps: 1 selection, 2 adjustment parameters (click to expand/collapse)
1. Select the face (1 selection).
2. Change the tone of the face by adjusting the histogram for the 3 channels separately (2 parameters for each channel).
3. Propagate the color adjustment to the entire image.
Source:Skin: The Complete Guide to Digitally Lighting, Photographing, and Retouching Faces by Lee Varis (p. 109)
Dataset Requirements:Portrait
Training Demonstrations
Results

Landscape Manipulations

Dark Sky

Before

After

Steps: 1 selection, 1 stroke, 4 parameters (click to expand/collapse)
1. Select sky of the image that you would like to transfer the dark sky to (1 selection).
2. Duplicate the background layer.
3. Grow selection (1 parameter).
4. Feather selection (1 parameter).
5. Delete the selected sky region in duplicated layer.
6. Select background layer.
7. Open an image of a dark sky in Photoshop.
8. Copy the dark sky and paste it into the target image.
9. Move dark sky until the bottom of dark sky image lines up with bottom of horizon (1 “stroke”).
10. Flatten the image.
11. Apply filter->distort->lens correction with vignette parameter set to -100 (1 parameter).
12. Adjust the brightness parameter using image->adjustments->brightness and contrast (1 parameter).
13. Create a new solid fill layer. Set the blending mode to “soft light” and the color to #473725. Set the opacity of the layer to 20%.
Source:http://www.pxleyes.com/tutorial/photoshop/1508/Creating-a-Dark-Medieval-Background-Image.html
Dataset Requirements:Outdoor scene
Training Demonstrations
Results

HDR (“Artistic” and “Realistic”)

Before

After (Artistic)

After (Realistic)

Steps: 2 selections, 5-9 strokes, 26 adjustment parameters (click to expand/collapse)
1. Use the HDR toning tool and adjust the toning parameters to give it an artistic or realistic look (9 parameters).
2. Select the sky (if any) and use the curve tool to adjust the contrast of the sky (1 selection, 6 parameters).
3. Do the same step for the ground (1 selection, 6 parameters).
4. Brush in the masks for the two previous adjustment layers to smoothly blend the 2 settings (2-4 strokes).
5. Brush in the image with the dodge tool on areas that are too dark. Adjust the brush head to the area that we want to brush on (3-5 strokes, 1 parameter).
6. Use a sharpening filter on the image and adjust the amount and radius of the filter (2 parameters).
7. Adjust the vibrance of the image (2 parameters).
Source:http://www.chromasia.com/tutorials/members/hdr1/
Dataset Requirements:HDR image
Artistic Training Demonstrations
Artistic Results
Realistic Training Demonstrations
Realistic Results

Landscape Enhancement

Before

After

Steps: 5-7 brush strokes, 16 adjustment parameters (click to expand/collapse)
1. Use the curve tool to adjust the color/contrast of the sky. Paint a gradient in the layer mask so that the effect is strongest in the sky area and fades out for the ground (6 parameters, 1 stroke).
2. Do the previous step for the ground (6 parameters, 1 stroke).
3. Add strokes to the masks of the curve layers to emphasize the effect where needed (3-5 strokes).
4. Adjust the vibrance of the image by creating a vibrance adjustment layer (2 parameters).
5. Use the brightness/contrast tool to adjust the contrast brightness of the whole image (2 parameters).
Source:Photoshop: Photo Effects Cookbook by Tim Shelbourne, O'Reilly
Dataset Requirements:Outdoor scene
Training Demonstrations
Results

Rainbow

Before

After

Steps: 8-12 brush strokes, 8 adjustment parameters (click to expand/collapse)
1. Create a new layer, call it “Rainbow”, select the gradient tool and choose the rainbow gradient.
2. Paint a gradient on the new layer along the horizon line. Change the blending mode of this layer to screen (1 stroke).
3. Use the Gaussian blur filter on the rainbow layer (2 parameters).
4. Use the black to transparent gradient and paint another vertical gradient on the image. This gradient will avoid that the rainbow is visible on the ground (1 stroke).
5. Paint with black at the bottom and top of the rainbow, such that the effect of the rainbow is limited to the sky area (5-7 strokes).
6. Duplicate the rainbow layer to strengthen the effect of the rainbow, adjust the opacity of the duplicated layer (1 parameter).
7. Duplicate the rainbow layer again and move the new layer to the left of the current rainbow. This will create a 2nd rainbow only barely visible next to the main rainbow (2 parameters).
8. Apply the Gaussian blur filter to the layer to weaken its effect and adjust the opacity of it (3 parameters).
9. Paint with black at the top of the 2nd rainbow to make sure that the rainbow runs parallel to the main rainbow and doesn’t overlap with it (1-3 strokes).
Source:Photoshop: Photo Effects Cookbook by Tim Shelbourne, O'Reilly (p. 92)
Dataset Requirements:Outdoor scene
Training Demonstrations
Results

Smooth Waterfall

Before

After

Steps: 1-5 selections, 3-5 brush strokes, 11 adjustment parameters (click to expand/collapse)
1. Select the waterfall and copy it onto a new layer (1-5 selection).
2. Use the motion blur filter on the waterfall. We need to adjust the strength of the blur as well as the angle (2 parameters).
3. Create a layer mask for the waterfall layer and paint over the areas where the blur effect goes outside of the waterfall area (3-5 brush strokes).
4. Set the opacity of the waterfall layer (1 parameter).
5. Use the warp tool to emphasize the shape of the waterfall (8 parameters).
Source:http://www.photoshopessentials.com/photo-effects/waterfalls/
Dataset Requirements:Image with one or more waterfalls
Training Demonstrations
Results

Snow

Before

After

Steps: 2 brush strokes, 24-28 adjustment parameters (click to expand/collapse)
1. Create a Black & White adjustment layer. In the mask of the layer, paint a gradient from the top of the sky to the horizon, so that the sky is white and the effect fades out once we reach the ground (1 stroke).
2. Adjust the black & white parameter settings until the sky looks dark (6 parameters).
3. Create a new layer. Choose the select by color range tool and pick 2-4 color samples in the image. Pick samples that belong to the ground area (grass, mountain etc.). Based on these samples, we will color the ground white. Adjust the fuzziness of the selection (5-9 parameters).
4. Fill the selection with white and set the layer’s blending mode to hard light.
5. Create another new layer and paint a gradient from the bottom of the image to the middle of the sky. The gradient needs to go from a dark purple to transparent. Set the blending mode of this layer to hue and adjust its opacity (1 stroke, 1 parameter).
6. We will now add the snow flakes. Make a new layer and fill it with uniform gray. Add noise to this layer, pick a Gaussian distribution, select the option monochromatic and set the amount of noise (1 parameter).
7. Use a Gaussian blur filter on the noise layer. Adjust the radius of the blur (1 parameter).
8. Use the levels tool to get a black and white image and snowflakes of the right size. Set the current layer’s blending mode to screen and convert the layer to a smart object (3 parameters).
9. Use a motion blur filter on this level, adjust the distance and angle of the motion blur (2 parameters).
10. Duplicate the snowflake layer and flip it horizontally. We want to get some larger snowflakes, so we scale and displace the duplicated layer (3 parameters).
11. Change the motion blur settings for the duplicated layer (2 parameters).
Source:Photoshop: Photo Effects Cookbook by Tim Shelbourne, O'Reilly (p. 96)
Dataset Requirements:Outdoor scene
Training Demonstrations
Results

Sunset Enhancement

Before

After

Steps: 2 selections, 2-6 brush strokes, 18 adjustment parameters (click to expand/collapse)
1. Select sky region in the image and form sky mask (1 selection).
2. Use color curves tool to darken sky (4 parameters).
3. Select ground region and form ground mask (1 selection).
4. Use color curves tool to lighten ground-plane (4 parameters).
5. Paint strokes along border of sky and ground masks to smoothly blend the adjusted regions (2-6 strokes, 1 brush size parameter).
6. Use channels tool to alter distributions of colors (9 parameters).
Source:Photoshop: Photo Effects Cookbook by Tim Shelbourne, O'Reilly (p. 100)
Dataset Requirements:Sunset image
Training Demonstrations
Results

Global Manipulations

Black and White

Before

After

Steps: 6 adjustment parameters (click to expand/collapse)
1. Transform the image in L*a*b* mode and use the L* channel.
2. Use the levels tool to adjust the RGB histogram of the image such that the histogram covers the full range of tones (2 parameters).
3. Use the curves tool to increase the contrast in the midtones of the image (4 parameters).
Source:http://www.chromasia.com/tutorials/members/bw_1/
Dataset Requirements:None
Training Demonstrations
Results

Cross Processing

Before

After

Steps: 17 adjustment parameters (click to expand/collapse)
1. Use the curves tool to adjust the color curves for all 3 channels. Set the blending mode of this layer to “Color” (12 parameters).
2. Use the curves tool to increase the contrast of the image. Set the blending mode of this layer to “Luminosity” (4 parameters).
3. Add a color fill layer and fill it with a yellow-green color: #e1ff00.
4. Adjust the opacity of the color layer (1 parameter).
Source:http://www.photoshopsupport.com/tutorials/or/cross-processing.html
Dataset Requirements:None
Training Demonstrations
Results

Lomo

Before

After

Steps: 11 adjustment parameters (click to expand/collapse)
1. Add vignetting to the images (2 parameters).
2. Use the curves tool to increase the contrast of the image (6 parameters).
3. Create a new layer and fill this layer with black color. Set the blending mode to hue and change the opacity of the layer. This will remove color from the image and give it a metallic look. (1 parameter).
4. Convert the image into Lab mode and select the lightness channel in the channels window. Then use the unsharp mask filter to sharpen the image (2 parameters).
5. Convert the image back into RGB mode.
Source:http://digital-photography-school.com/how-to-make-digital-photos-look-like-lomo-photography
Dataset Requirements:None
Training Demonstrations
Results

Reflections

Before

After

Steps: 1-4 selections, 1-2 brush strokes, 16 adjustment parameters (click to expand/collapse)
1. Select the object in the high-key image (a high key image is an image shot with studio lighting on a uniform background) and copy it onto 3 different layers, layer 1 layer 2 and layer 3. Layer 3 will just be there on top of the layer stack to hide the effects of the layers below it, such that the object itself is never covered by brush strokes etc. (1-4 selection).
2. Layer 1: flip the image vertically and adjust the position of it such that it looks like the reflection of the object (1 parameter).
3. Layer 1: Add a layer mask to it and paint a gradient into the mask such that the reflection of the object becomes lighter as we move away from the object (2 parameters).
4. Layer 1: Use the motion blur filter on the reflected object (2 parameters).
5. Layer 1: Set the opacity of the layer (1 parameter).
6. Layer 2: select the object in layer 2 and fill it with a dark brown color. Use the free transform tool to map this object onto the ground for the shadow effect (5 parameters).
7. Layer 2: Use the Gaussian blur filter on the shadow (2 parameters).
8. Layer 2: Set the opacity of the layer (1 parameter).
9. Layer 3: Use the eraser tool to erase the bottom of the object. Typically the selection in step 1 is not perfect and the bottom of the object includes some pixels of the background color that might occlude the reflected object. Erase these background pixels (1-2 brush strokes).
10. Layer 3: Select the object in layer 3. Add a small gradient to the bottom of the object. The gradient has the same color as the background color. It fakes the reflection of the ground onto the bottom of the object (2 parameters).
Source:Photoshop: Photo Effects Cookbook by Tim Shelbourne, O'Reilly (p. 98)
Dataset Requirements:High-key image
Training Demonstrations
Results

Typographic Effect

Before

After

Steps: 1 selection, 2 adjustment parameters (click to expand/collapse)
1. Desaturate the image.
2. Change the expose settings. Set gamma to 0.01 and play with exposure until you get a good amount of detail (1 parameter).
3. Duplicate the background layer and set the background layer to all white.
4. Create a text layer and fill it with text. You can take the text from a news article.
5. Hide visibility for the text layer while you do the next step.
6. Use Select->Color Range and select Shadows from the drop down menu (1 selection).
7. Make the text layer visible and create a mask Layer->layer Mask -> Reveal Selected.
8. Apply the wind filter (stylize->wind).
9. Change the opacity of the image (1 parameter).
Source:http://www.ps99.co.cc/2010/03/make-typography-face-in-photoshop.html
Dataset Requirements:None
Training Demonstrations
Results

Face Manipulations

Steps: 2-4 brush strokes, 5 adjustment parameters (click to expand/collapse)

Steps: 1 selection, 4 adjustment parameters (click to expand/collapse)

Steps: 6 brush strokes, 6 adjustment parameters (click to expand/collapse)

Steps: 5 brush strokes, 21 adjustment parameters (click to expand/collapse)

Steps: 1 selection, 1 brush stroke, 5 adjustment parameters (click to expand/collapse)

Steps: 3-10 brush strokes, 5 adjustment parameters (click to expand/collapse)

Steps: 1 selection, 2 adjustment parameters (click to expand/collapse)

Landscape Manipulations

Steps: 1 selection, 1 stroke, 4 parameters (click to expand/collapse)

HDR (“Artistic” and “Realistic”)

Steps: 2 selections, 5-9 strokes, 26 adjustment parameters (click to expand/collapse)

Steps: 5-7 brush strokes, 16 adjustment parameters (click to expand/collapse)

Steps: 8-12 brush strokes, 8 adjustment parameters (click to expand/collapse)

Steps: 1-5 selections, 3-5 brush strokes, 11 adjustment parameters (click to expand/collapse)

Steps: 2 brush strokes, 24-28 adjustment parameters (click to expand/collapse)

Steps: 2 selections, 2-6 brush strokes, 18 adjustment parameters (click to expand/collapse)

Global Manipulations

Steps: 6 adjustment parameters (click to expand/collapse)

Steps: 17 adjustment parameters (click to expand/collapse)

Steps: 11 adjustment parameters (click to expand/collapse)

Steps: 1-4 selections, 1-2 brush strokes, 16 adjustment parameters (click to expand/collapse)

Steps: 1 selection, 2 adjustment parameters (click to expand/collapse)